What does neutrophil oxidative burst mean?
chronic granulomatous disease
Neutrophil oxidative burst test (or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) test) is a measure of neutrophil oxidation and is a useful assay in the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease and is also a useful means to determine the overall metabolic integrity of phagocytosing neutrophils.
How do you measure oxidative burst?
Oxidative stress can be measured indirectly by measuring the levels of DNA/RNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation/nitration, rather than a direct measurement of reactive oxygen species. These oxidative stress markers are more enduring than reactive oxygen species.
How do neutrophils release Ros?
Host immune cells, like neutrophils, also known as PMNs, will release large amounts of ROS at the site of infection following the activation of surface receptors. Within PMNs, ROS released by the NADPH oxidase complex can activate granular proteases and induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
How is respiratory burst measured?
Respiratory burst is often assessed via flow cytometry. However, in cases where only low numbers of cells may be harvested, or a flow cytometer is unavailable, alternative methods may be required.
How is chronic granulomatous disease diagnosed?
A diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease is often suspected based on the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms. Specialized blood tests, such as the nitroblue tetrazolium test and/or flow cytometry with dihydrorhodamine, can then be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
What is respiratory burst assay?
Respiratory burst can be used as a reliable measure of the immune response of a host, and numerous assays have been developed to measure this response in a variety of mammal and fish species.
What are the indicators of oxidative stress?
Biomarkers of oxidative stress
| Biomarker | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| MPO | Influenced by sample storage and time to analysis. |
| OxLDL | Reduction in OxLDL by antioxidant pharmacotherapy has not been matched by reduction in CVD severity. |
| ROS-induced changes to gene expression | Microarray technology can be manually and computationally expensive. |
What is the relation of the oxidative burst to infection?
Oxidative burst acts as a defence mechanism to pathogen infection in plants. This is seen post PAMPs detection by cell-surface located receptors (e.g. FLS2 or EFR). As in animals, the production of reactive oxygen species in plants is mediated by NADPH oxidase.
How is oxidative burst regulated?
In response to a variety of stimuli, neutrophils release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2. -) in a phenomenon known as the respiratory burst. NADPH oxidase is activated and regulated by various neutrophil stimuli at infectious or inflammatory sites.
What is respiratory burst activity in fish?
Innate immune response present in fish and shellfish: Respiratory burst activity (RBA) is the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (O 2- and H 2 O 2 ) from different types of cells. It is an indicator or marker of cell damage, inflammation as well as NO production.
What causes Abnormal neutrophil count?
There are many possible causes for an abnormally low neutrophil count. When the number of neutrophils are abnormally low (less than 1500), this condition is known as neutropenia. Neutropenia can be caused by a decreased production of neutrophils. A decreased production of neutrophils can be caused by leukemia.
What is neutrophil dysfunction?
Neutrophil dysfunction is a condition in which immune system cells called neutrophils do not function or respond properly.
What is a neutrophil function test?
Neutrophil function tests. The environment in which a neutrophil is placed can have marked effects upon a variety of cellular functions. Quantitative tests of neutrophil function present problems not only with assay design but also in the isolation of cells from peripheral blood without disturbing their normal physiology.
What are neutrophil granulocytes?
Neutrophil granulocytes are a primary group of white blood cells (WBCs), which are the main components of the body’s immune system. In general, they are called neutrophils. They are normally found in the bloodstream. Neutrophils are called so due to their staining characteristics with hematoxylin and eosin stain.